Before understanding the world of Malwares and Trojans, one has to learn what Assembly language is. In this tutorial, I will try to explain what assembly language is, where it comes from and how it is used.

According to WikiPedia,

"An assembly language is a low-level language used in the writing of computer programs. Assembly language uses mnemonics, abbreviations or words that make it easier to remember a complex instruction and make programming in assembler an easier task."

Footprinting is about information gathering and is both passive and active. Reviewing the company's website is an example of passive footprinting, whereas calling the help desk and attempting to social engineering them out of privileged information is an example of active information gathering.

Scanning entails pinging machines, determining network ranges and port scanning individual systems.

1. Information gathering
2. Determining the network range
3. Identifying active machines
4. Finding open ports and access points
5. OS fingerprinting
6. Fingerprinting services

One of the first hurdles that every Linux newbie working on Command Line Interface (CLI) bumps into is finding files on the file system. Administrators who switch from Windows environment are so much used to the click-n-find mentality that discovering files via Linux CLI is painful for them. This tutorial is written for those friends who work on Linux and don’t have the luxury of Graphical User Interface (GUI).

All security books will recommend you not to allow root SSH logins to your Linux machines. So most of us (administrators) commonly SSH with our regular user credentials and then use "su" to escalate our privileges in order to perform root tasks. If you do this frequently, sometimes it gets a little confusing to make out if you are currently root or regular user. To determine your current status you probably you end up looking at your prompt or type in "whoami".

Many new Linux users have trouble determining the true specs of their Linux machine from command line. Linux GUI software's have evolved over past few years and provide the same details in very beautiful laid out manner; however an administrator/home-user may not have luxury of those tools on every machine.

Even with default package managers like apt-get and yum, there are times when you have to build packages from sources. Most common scenario is that the latest version of program is not yet available in a packaged version or when you need to control the compile time options that come with the program.

Most Perl developers use CPAN or PerlDoc from command line interface for viewing documentation of Perl modules. Only a few are aware of Pod::Webserver module which creates a minimal web server to serve local Perl documentation. I found this really handy when I am coding Perl during flights or at airports without wireless connectivity.

Like many Perl coders I always find myself searching the CPAN site for modules and their documentations. Couple of day’s back I came to know about an easy way to create quick-search tags in Firefox and first thing which came to my mind was optimizing my everyday CPAN lookups. In this article, I would like to demonstrate how quick-searches are created and how I implemented the same for CPAN.

Certain software's require minimum swap space for installation. I ran into the same problem when installing oracle on my Fedora machine. Does adding more swap space mean you have to install again from scratch? Luckily, no. In this article I will show you how to add some extra space to your existing tux. You could also reshuffle and resize your partitions and make increase swap space but that is a pretty severe change to the existing machine.

Step 1: Learn to use Swap commands

This code is not a big deal, however useful. You pass a name like "Navtej Singh" to the function and it will churn out a list of possible usernames. This list can then be used for various tasks including bruteforcing, in bots etc. The generated list of usernames is such that it fits in the corporate email id model better than for public email id's. So for sites like yahoo etc, avoid it. On yahoo, Gmail, Hotmail etc "Jonny Walker" can be high_on_alcohol, however this is (with approx) not true for corporate email IDs.