Steganography of VoIP streams

In this paper, we circumscribe available steganographic techniques that can be used for creating covert channels for VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) streams. Apart from characterizing existing steganographic methods we provide new insights by presenting two new techniques. First one is network steganography solution and exploits free/unused fields of the RTCP (Real-Time Control Protocol) and RTP (Real-Time Transport Protocol) protocols. The second method provides hybrid storage-timing covert channel by utilizing delayed audio packets. The results of the experiment, that was performed, regardless of steganalysis, to estimate a total amount of data that can be covertly transferred in VoIP RTP stream during the typical call, are also included in this article.